Category: Family Law

Dividing Frozen Embryos: Legal Battles When Divorce and Family Planning Collide

Couples who go through in vitro fertilization (IVF) often freeze extra embryos for later. That works well until a marriage ends. Suddenly, a deeply personal plan turns into a legal battle. 

In Florida, frozen embryos do not fit neatly into child custody law or standard property rules, which means the dispute can be unlike anything else in divorce court. Let’s explore how state law approaches these cases and what you can do to avoid legal battles.

How Florida Law Handles Frozen Embryo Disputes

According to Florida Statute § 742.17, couples using IVF should have a written agreement that explains what happens to their embryos if they divorce, pass away, or change their plans. Without it, implanting, donating, or even destroying embryos cannot be done unless both people give written consent. In practice, that means either person can stop the other from using the embryos, no matter how strongly one might want to move forward.

The law gives courts something to enforce if a valid agreement exists. If not, Florida’s approach generally favors the right not to be forced into parenthood, even when the other spouse wants to use the embryos.

Lessons From Other States’ Battles

Other states have faced high-profile frozen embryo disputes. 

  • Davis v. Davis (Tennessee, 1992): The court sided with the spouse who wanted the embryos kept from use, pointing to the right to avoid becoming a parent. 
  • Kass v. Kass (New York, 1998): Judges enforced the couple’s agreement to donate embryos for research. The lesson? A signed, specific agreement can prevent years of litigation.

Protecting Your Wishes Before and During Divorce

If you’re starting IVF, talk through all the “what ifs” now. Decide what should happen if you split, if one of you dies, or if you change your mind. Put it in writing. 

If you are already in divorce and without an agreement, you will need legal guidance right away to understand your options under Florida’s consent rules.

At the Law Office of Wickersham & Bowers, we help clients make these decisions before trouble starts and fight for their rights when it has. If you’re planning IVF or already facing a frozen embryo dispute, call us at (386) 252-3000. 

Grandparents’ Rights and Third-Party Custody: When Can Non-Parents Seek Visitation or Custody of a Child?

Families in Florida sometimes find themselves facing tough decisions about who should care for a child when parents cannot. Grandparents and close relatives often feel they should step in, but many do not realize how specific and strict the laws are. 

Grandparent Visitation Rights Under Florida Law

In Florida, grandparents do not automatically have visitation rights. According to Chapter 752 of the Florida Statutes, grandparents can ask the court for visitation only in certain serious situations. For example, if: 

  • Both parents are deceased
  • Both parents are missing for at least 90 days
  • Both parents are in a persistent vegetative state

They can also act if one parent meets those conditions and the other parent has a violent felony conviction or poses a real threat to the child.

Grandparents must first show strong evidence that the child would suffer harm without their involvement. After that, they still have to prove that visitation serves the child’s best interests and will not harm the parent-child relationship.

When Non-Parents Can Get Custody

Seeking full custody as a non-parent is even more challenging. Florida courts follow the “parental preference rule,” which means they strongly favor keeping children with their biological or adoptive parents. 

A grandparent or relative has to show that the parent is unfit, which can involve abuse, severe neglect, substance abuse, or a consistently unsafe environment. Once unfitness is proven, the court looks at whether the relative can give the child a stable and supportive home. Factors include: 

  • Emotional bond
  • Living conditions
  • Relative’s ability to meet the child’s daily needs

Helping Dependent Children Stay With Family

If a child is declared dependent because of abuse or neglect, Fla. Stat. § 39.509 supports placing them with relatives rather than in foster care. Grandparents may even get unsupervised, ongoing visitation if it fits the child’s case plan and is safe. 

We Help Florida Families Find Answers

At the Law Office of Wickersham & Bowers, we work with grandparents and relatives who want to support and protect children in need. We help families understand their legal options and represent them throughout the process. If you are considering custody or visitation in Florida, contact us. We are here to guide you and help you take the next step.

Parental Relocation in Custody Cases: How Courts Decide When a Parent Wants to Move Out of State

When parents share custody, moving out of state is not as simple as packing up and leaving. In Florida, relocating with a child, especially after a divorce or custody order, is a legal matter that requires either consent or court approval. It does not matter if the move is for a job, family support, or a fresh start, as the decision must consider how the change affects the child.

What Counts as Relocation in Florida

Under Florida law, relocation means moving 50 miles or more from your current home for at least 60 days. This rule applies to both parents and anyone with time-sharing or visitation rights. Temporary moves for school or medical care do not count.

If both parents agree, the move can happen, so long as they put it in writing. The agreement must include a new time-sharing plan and details about how the child will travel between homes. It also must be filed with the court.

When There Is No Agreement, Court Approval Is Required

If the other parent does not agree, the parent who wishes to move must file a petition to relocate. This petition needs to explain where, why, and when the parent plans to move, along with how the new arrangement will support the child’s relationship with both parents. The non-moving parent then has 20 days to object. If they do not respond, the court may approve the move without a hearing.

What Judges Consider Before Granting a Move

Florida courts make relocation decisions based on the child’s best interest. Judges look at the following: 

  • The child’s age and ties to each parent
  • How the move might affect school and emotional development
  • Whether it would improve the quality of life
  • Reasons behind the move
  • Any history of violence
  • Each parent’s role in the child’s life

We Help Florida Parents Handle Custody and Relocation

At Wickersham & Bowers, we help parents who are considering or contesting a move involving their children. Whether you are trying to relocate legally or protect your custody rights, we provide clear legal guidance every step of the way. Contact us today to learn how we can support your family’s next steps.

Cross-Border Divorce Challenges: Enforcing International Custody Orders and Asset Division

On behalf of The Law Office of Wickersham and Bowers posted in Family Law on Tuesday May 20th, 2025.

Divorces involving more than one country can be messy, especially in Florida, where international travel, relocation, and global assets are common. If you’re dealing with a custody order from another country or splitting property overseas, you’re working with multiple legal systems at once. That brings a unique set of challenges that regular divorce cases don’t have.

How Florida Courts Handle Foreign Custody Orders

Florida follows a law called the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act (UCCJEA). It allows courts here to enforce custody orders from other countries, but only if the foreign court followed similar rules.

Both parents must have had a chance to be involved in the original case. If the order checks those boxes, Florida can act fast, sometimes within days. Parents can also turn to the Hague Convention for help, but only if both countries are members.

Splitting Property That’s Not in the U.S.

Florida uses equitable distribution, which means courts try to divide marital property fairly. That includes property outside the U.S., like a house in Spain, a bank account in Canada, or stock in a company based overseas.

However, some countries don’t follow U.S. court orders. If that happens, Florida courts might give one spouse more U.S.-based assets to balance things out.

Will a Foreign Divorce Be Valid in Florida?

It depends. Florida may recognize a divorce from another country if both spouses had notice and were allowed to take part in the process. Also, at least one person must have lived in that country at the time of the divorce. If those rules aren’t met, Florida might not accept the divorce.

On the flip side, enforcing a Florida divorce in another country could take extra steps, like hiring a lawyer overseas or filing in a foreign court.

We Help Florida Clients Deal With International Divorce Issues

At the Law Office of Wickersham & Bowers, we help people sort through cross-border divorce problems, whether it’s custody, asset division, or getting a court order recognized. Contact us today to talk about your options and get help protecting your future.

Post-Divorce Intellectual Property Rights: Dividing Royalties, Patents, and Trademarks in Creative Professions

On behalf of The Law Office of Wickersham and Bowers posted in Family Law on Monday April 21st, 2025.

In Florida divorces, dividing property can be challenging, especially if one or both spouses own intellectual property. For professionals in creative or technical fields, patents, trademarks, copyrights, and royalty agreements may be the most valuable assets on the table. Because these assets are tied to future income and may not be easy to value, courts must weigh several factors when splitting them under Florida’s equitable distribution rules.

How Florida Classifies and Divides Intellectual Property

Florida courts treat most assets created during the marriage as marital property, even if only one spouse holds legal title. That includes intellectual property like trade secrets, business goodwill, and copyrighted material. If the asset was created before the marriage but increased in value during the marriage, part of that growth may still be considered marital.

In cases involving trade secrets, protective orders and NDAs are often used to keep proprietary business information private during and after the divorce process.

How to Value Intellectual Property

Valuing intangible assets like patents or copyrights is a critical step in dividing them fairly. The most common methods include:

  • Cost Approach: Calculates how much it would cost to recreate the asset today. Works best for early-stage or undeveloped projects.
  • Market Approach: Compares the asset to similar ones that have sold or been licensed. Often used for patents or trademarks with market data.
  • Income Approach: Projects future income, such as royalties, then discounts it to reflect risk and present value.
  • Relief-From-Royalty Approach: Estimates how much someone would pay to license the asset instead of owning it. This model blends the income and market approaches.

How to Structure the Split

Courts may award the intellectual property to the original creator and assign a share of future income, such as royalties or licensing fees, to the other spouse. In some cases, a buyout is negotiated instead based on the asset’s current appraised value. For incomplete or speculative IP, a formula may be used to divide any future earnings based on the portion created during the marriage.

At the Law Office of Wickersham & Bowers, we help clients handle complex asset division, including intellectual property rights. If your divorce involves patents, royalties, trademarks, or creative work, contact us today to schedule a consultation. 

Cryptocurrency in Divorce: Tracing, Valuing, and Dividing Digital Assets in High-Net-Worth Separations

On behalf of The Law Office of Wickersham and Bowers posted in Family Law on Thursday March 20th, 2025.

Divorce often reveals individual personalities as spouses rush to protect themselves. One of the most contentious issues in divorce is property division. Cash and real estate are easy to divide because they can be valued. However, it’s hard to track crypto because its value fluctuates. 

Florida law stipulates that any cryptocurrency bought during the marriage is marital property that should be split fairly. However, how do you find, value, and split the crypto properly?

Finding Hidden Cryptocurrency

Some people try to hide digital assets during a divorce. Since cryptocurrency wallets aren’t always linked to banks, crypto can be moved or stashed without leaving a clear trail. That doesn’t mean it’s impossible to find.

Here’s how attorneys and financial experts track hidden crypto:

  • Bank and credit card records: Large withdrawals or payments to crypto exchanges.
  • Tax returns: The IRS requires people to report crypto gains. Missing or inconsistent tax documents might hint at undisclosed assets.
  • Forensic accountants: Follow digital footprints to trace where money has gone, including crypto transactions.
  • Subpoenas to exchanges: If a spouse is suspected of hiding funds, legal action can force platforms to turn over transaction history.

Putting a Price on Crypto Assets

Unlike cash or stocks, cryptocurrency doesn’t have a fixed value. Courts usually pick a specific valuation date, such as the date of separation or the divorce filing, to set the value.

Some factors that go into valuation include:

  • Current market price: What the cryptocurrency is worth at a given moment.
  • Historical prices: Past transaction records may be useful if assets were moved before the divorce.
  • Expert analysis: Financial professionals may be needed to determine fair pricing and predict future value shifts.

Splitting Cryptocurrency in a Divorce

Once the value is set, the next step is deciding the share each person gets. There are three main ways this is handled:

  1. Direct transfer: The crypto is split and sent to each spouse’s separate digital wallet.
  2. Asset trade: One spouse keeps the crypto while the other receives something else of equal value (like cash, stocks, or property).
  3. Sell and split: The crypto is sold, and both spouses divide the profits.

If you need help handling cryptocurrency in your divorce, contact Wickersham & Bowers today for expert legal guidance.

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