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What Happens to a Mortgage After the Owner Dies?

On behalf of The Law Office of Wickersham and Bowers posted in Estate Planning on Monday May 8th, 2022.

Though you’re probably preoccupied with a million other things after a loved one has died, you’ll have to address one crucial topic: “What happens to the house?”

A will or probate is often used to determine who gets a home when a homeowner passes away. But what about a house with a loan on it? Are your relatives liable for your mortgage debts if you pass away? What happens to the surviving family members who are still living in the house?

The word mortgage is derived from a French term that means “death pledge” — meaning a mortgage does not simply vanish when the lien holder passes away. The lender still needs to be paid, or they will likely foreclose on the home. If the property has outstanding home equity loans or lines of credit, the same rules apply. A mortgage is a lien that lasts until the loan is paid off, even if the borrower passes away.

Who Assumes The Payment?

If a mortgage has a co-borrower or co-signer, the solution is straightforward: the other party can keep making payments on the loan.

If the deceased has a surviving spouse, federal law permits them to take over the mortgage instead of paying the full total back to the lender. They will need to show financial ability and creditworthiness, however.

If the deceased leaves the title to someone else, this person only acquires the title to the property, not the mortgage. The inheritor has no personal obligation to make loan payments until the assuming process is completed because the person’s credit isn’t tied to the loan installments. They aren’t legally obligated to repay the loan.

If none of these scenarios apply and no one takes over the mortgage, the mortgage servicer will begin the foreclosure process.

Have the Conversation

Numerous things go into end-of-life preparations. It’s crucial to think about how your choices today will impact your loved ones once you’re gone.

Consider any other debts you may leave for your family after you die, in addition to your mortgage. Although discussing your mortality isn’t often the most uplifting issue, doing so now may provide you and your loved ones with some peace of mind in the future.

Reasons You Need a Prenuptial Agreement

On behalf of The Law Office of Wickersham and Bowers posted in Family Law on Monday May 19h, 2022.

A prenuptial agreement defines the parameters of your finances before marriage, including property rights and more. A lawyer should thoroughly review every prenuptial agreement, with one attorney representing you and the other representing your future spouse.

You may think prenups are only for people with substantial financial resources. However, if any of the following apply to you or your situation, a prenuptial agreement should be discussed.

One (Or Both) of You Has Children

A prenuptial agreement should be considered if one of you had children from a previous marriage or relationship.

Prenuptial agreements can be written to protect your children’s assets and future earnings. This property or income might ordinarily be considered part of the marital estate and so be divided. A premarital agreement ensures that children’s inheritance and future maintenance are not entangled in the divorce process.

There is Substantial Debt

Debt is an unfortunate aspect of life, and people can carry their debt into the marriage. The non-burdened party is unlikely to want to be saddled with an enormous bill should the marriage go sour. 

A prenuptial agreement can help limit one partner’s exposure to the debts of the other. Any agreement should spell out each partner’s individual debts and assets prior to the marriage, allowing for a clear distinction between those debts and debts incurred by the couple during the marriage.

Someone Plans to be a Stay At Home Parent

In the event of a divorce, it might be difficult or impossible for one party to re-establish their profession or financial footing after pausing or giving up their work to raise their children. A prenuptial agreement protects stay-at-home parents’ interests in marital assets. It ensures that these agreements are documented in the event that the marriage breaks and their profession is put on hold. 

One of You Has Pets

Including pets in your prenuptial agreement is normal, especially if the pets are costly. This will ensure that any animals you share with your spouse are returned to their rightful owners if the marriage ends in divorce. Although pet ownership is rarely a point of contention in divorce proceedings, some people do use it as a negotiating tool.

Estate Planning for a Second Marriage or Blended Family

On behalf of The Law Office of Wickersham and Bowers posted in Estate Planning on Thursday April 7th, 2022.

The estate planning process may appear convoluted when it comes to blended families, but it does not make it any less critical. You can avoid probate court and legal complications down the line by creating a planning strategy. 

Start by talking to your spouse about your estate plans. Then, when you and your partner are ready, an attorney can assist you in putting the necessary documentation in place.

Get Started Before You Remarry

You certainly want to celebrate if you’re ready to remarry, but it’s also vital to focus on less exciting concerns like updating your estate plan. You may have made a simple will during your first marriage, but it will almost certainly be more difficult the second time–especially if you have children from your first marriage or own more assets. Starting the planning process before the nuptials will benefit all parties involved.

Update Your Beneficiaries

One benefit of altering the beneficiary’s name is that the money will go directly to the intended recipient without going through probate — the legal process of settling an estate. If that’s your intention, go through all of your bank accounts — checking, savings, and retirement — to make sure your spouse is named as the beneficiary. Check the beneficiaries of life insurance policies as well because these payouts are also exempt from probate. You can name your children as secondary beneficiaries, ensuring that they receive the assets if both of you die.

“The most common mistake we see is that people never change their wills or their beneficiary designations,” saysMark Bass, a financial planner with Pennington, Bass & Associates in Lubbock, Texas. Failing to do so can mean that your previous spouse is entitled to insurance benefits or retirement payouts, leaving your new partner in financial straights.

Consult an Estate Planning Attorney

You should discuss things with an attorney even if you don’t have a lot of assets, especially if you have children. At the very least, your will needs to be updated. Other estate planning instruments, such as a durable power of attorney and a health care proxy, may also need to be updated or created. 

A prenuptial agreement may be appropriate if you have considerable assets. Additionally, the attorney can assist you in determining whether a trust is required to protect your children’s interests.

The Law Office of Wickersham and Bowers provides top-notch legal representation to clients in Daytona Beach and southern Florida. Our areas of legal practice include family lawpersonal injuryeminent domain, and estate planning and probate. Our firm has over 60 years of addressing our clients’ legal issues. Please feel free to contact us by filling out our online form or calling us at (386) 252-3000.

Considerations for a Peaceful Military Divorce Process

On behalf of The Law Office of Wickersham and Bowers posted in Family Law on Thursday April 7th, 2022.

Depending on the conditions, the divorce process can differ for each family. Because of the large number of military families in the United States, it’s also vital to address some differences and concerns that a military divorce may bring up.

 Service Members Civil Relief Act

When service members are on active duty, the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act helps to protect their legal rights. When one spouse serves the other with divorce papers, the latter is usually required to answer within a set amount of time. However, under the SCRA:

  • If the service member demonstrates that they cannot attend due to duty obligations, civil court or administrative proceedings may be extended.
  • In some cases, service members may be protected from default judgments if they fail to answer a lawsuit or attend a trial.

If You Are Overseas

A divorce decree made outside of the United States may be difficult to enforce since American courts do not recognize it. As a result, filing in the United States is frequently the best option.

Service members or their spouses can apply for divorce in the state where they are currently stationed, the state where they claim legal domicile or the state where the nonmilitary spouse resides, depending on the state’s laws.

Effect of Divorce on Military Benefits

The nonmilitary spouse may keep their identity card and continue to get commissary, exchange, and health-care benefits until the divorce is finalized. When a military member or other family members leave due to a divorce, installation family housing usually ends within 30 days.

The military may pay for the nonmilitary spouse’s relocation costs when he or she returns home from an overseas deployment post. The cost of an in-state move could be negotiated as part of the divorce settlement.

In the absence of an agreement or a court order, each military branch has policies requiring service members to support family members after separation.

When divorce causes a loss of TRICARE benefits, coverage can be purchased for up to 36 months of temporary health care benefits through the Department of Defense Continued Health Care Benefit program.

Don’t Get Discouraged

As you can see, a military divorce comes with its own set of complications. An attorney with experience handling military divorce can help you navigate the process efficiently. 

The Law Office of Wickersham and Bowers provides top-notch legal representation to clients in Daytona Beach and southern Florida. Our areas of legal practice include family lawpersonal injuryeminent domain, and estate planning and probate. Our firm has over 60 years of addressing our clients’ legal issues. Please feel free to contact us by filling out our online form or calling us at (386) 252-3000.

Life After Divorce—3 Things To Do Next

On behalf of The Law Office of Wickersham and Bowers posted in Family Law on Monday March 7th, 2022.

What happens after a divorce? The proceedings have likely left you depleted of your energy and feeling stressed. You should be aware, however, that divorce can be a significant first step toward a new chapter in your life. 

Let’s look at three primary areas where you should concentrate your efforts.

Break Ties With Your Ex

Marriage entangles your lives in many ways, and after a divorce, you need to go about extracting yours from theirs. It will likely mean new bank accounts, separate insurance accounts, and splitting any money you have in savings or retirement accounts. 

You may also be changing your name, which means updating all of your financial accounts and maybe even your social media. You may be closing joint streaming services and updating emergency contacts. 

If you have children, school and daycare will need updated contact information. Wills will need to be changed, and beneficiaries updated as well. 

Get Your Finances in Order

You may use the new start of a divorce to get your spending under control, start saving, improve your income, and achieve your financial objectives if you have a proper financial plan in place.

It is very likely that you were previously living with two incomes, and your financial circumstances have drastically changed. Take the following steps to ensure that you can maintain an appropriate lifestyle:

  • Make a new monthly budget
  • Track your new net worth
  • Eliminate expenses as necessary
  • Build up your emergency fund
  • Plan to pay off debt
  • Set new financial goals
  • If necessary, rebuild credit
  • Plan for your retirement

Resolve Any Legal Issues

As part of your divorce, you may have put in place provisions for spousal support and child custody agreements. If not, you will need to do that right away. 

There are plenty of details to co-parenting that will need to be worked out, such as visitation, where the kids will spend the holidays, and maybe even what religion they will be raised in. If things are amicable, you may be able to work these details out on your own, but an attorney should be involved if compromises can’t be reached. 

Understanding Gift Tax

On behalf of The Law Office of Wickersham and Bowers posted in Estate Planning on Monday March 7th, 2022.

A gift tax is a federal tax levied on someone who gives something of value to someone else without obtaining anything of equal or greater worth in return. Gifts can be anything of great value, such as sums of money, vehicles, or real estate, and the tax can be applied even if the donor never intended it to be a gift in the first place.

The Internal Revenue Service, or IRS, sets the limits on how much you can give before having to file a return and being taxed. Amounts in excess of the annual thresholds must be reported and count toward a lifetime gift tax exemption. When this significant provision is depleted, the gift tax is due.

Does the Person Receiving the Gift Pay Taxes?

In the vast majority of cases, the person being gifted does not owe taxes. At the federal level, assets you receive as gifts or inheritance are usually not taxable income. However, if the assets generate income in the future (for example, interest, dividends, or rent), that income will almost certainly be taxable. The specifics can be found in IRS Publication 525. 

Inheritance taxes are also imposed in some states.

How Can I Avoid Paying Gift Tax?

The yearly exclusion ($16,000 in 2022) and the lifetime exclusion ($12.06 million in 2022) keep the IRS out of most people’s pocketbooks.

If you stay below those, you’ll be able to be generous while remaining untaxed. If you go above that, you’ll have to fill out a gift tax form when filing your taxes.

Taxable Gifts

Are you curious about the gift tax and what constitutes a gift? Money and property, including the use of property, are examples of gifts. Remember, gifts are given without expecting to receive something in return of equal worth. 

In addition to simply giving someone something of value, these instances may also qualify as gift-giving: 

  • You sell something at a lower price than it is worth
  • You give someone a no-interest or low-interest loan

Exceptions

There are a few exceptions to the gift tax laws. These contributions are exempt from the annual limit:

  • Expenses for tuition or medical treatment paid directly to an institution
  • Gifts for your spouse
  • Donations to a political party
  • Donations to charity

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